indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to betray; to turn traitor to; to double-cross
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
dry riverbed; river beach
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
writing something on commission; newly written text
writing (e.g. as a profession)
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
should; must; -able; probably; likely
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pierce; to stab; to sting; to bite; to sew; to stitch; to pole (a boat)
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
release; unleashing; liberation; deallocation (of computer memory)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
business; thing to be done; something that should be performed; information that should be conveyed
don't you think?; indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
large tree; big tree; huge tree