now; soon; already; yet; further; more
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
no!; no no!; no, not at all
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
opening and shutting; opening and closing
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
cold; frigid; bracing; dignified
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
having strings attached (of a loan, etc.); having conditions attached; having a string or cord attached (of a bag, clothing, etc.); something with a string attached; having a lover (of a woman); woman with a male lover
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis