indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
mother; mom; wife; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); she
honorific/polite/humble prefix
shopping; purchased goods
woman; female; feminine gender
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to sit (down); to have a seat; to be seated; to assume (a position); to take on (a duty); to occupy (a post)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
key; lock; key (to a problem, success, etc.); clue
have a good day; take care; see you
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
no; you're welcome; not at all; don't mention it
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; yoisho! (word shouted by the spectators during a yokozuna's ritual stomps); yoisho (filler word in folk music, etc.); flattery; buttering up (someone)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
subsection head; assistant manager; chief clerk
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to get angry; to get mad; to lose one's temper; to scold; to tell (someone) off
example; instance; precedent; custom; habit
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
chief (of police); head (of office)
great joy; delight; jubilation
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
the number of people; many people; a large number of people
to increase; to add to; to augment
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...