there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
carefree; buoyant; lighthearted; ease
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
garden; yard; courtyard; field (of action); area
A district in Shibuya, Tokyo famous for being the center of Japanese youth culture and fashion
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
graduation examination; graduation test
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
stage (theatre, theater); scene or setting (e.g. of novel, play, etc.)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
studying abroad; studying at a different school, etc. (usu. for a specific purpose)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
whole; entirety; whatever (is the matter)
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
after school (at the end of the day)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
perfect; complete; flawless
other side; opposite side; other party
again; once more; a second time
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
how; in what way; how about
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?