bamboo (any grass of subfamily Bambusoideae); middle (of a three-tier ranking system)
Battle of Sekigahara (1600)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to be doing; to be in the process of doing
territory; fiefdom; feudal domain
88 years old; (arch.) rice
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
now; the present time; just now; another; more
deceased; late; dead; departed
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
pain; anguish; distress; suffering; hardship
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
nothing; naught; nought; un-; non-
pain; anguish; suffering; duhkha (suffering)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to come; to go; to be (doing)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
memento (from a dead person); souvenir; keepsake; orphan; posthumous child
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
Kanazawa (city in Ishikawa)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
honorific/polite/humble prefix