in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
out (of a ball, in tennis, etc.); outside the line; out; putout; outer; external; exit
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
natural; reasonable; obvious; usual; common; ordinary
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take off (clothes, shoes, etc.); to undress
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
chirp; twitter; warble; whale tongue
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
to jar; to creak; to grate
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
light; illumination; glow; lamp; light