pontoon bridge; floating bridge; bridge (of a ship)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
senior high school student
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
study; diligence; discount; reduction
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
worst; horrible; horrid; in the worst case; if worst comes to worst
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
club activities; extracurricular activities
absurd; unreasonable; extreme; senseless; disorderly; chaotic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
hello; good day; good afternoon
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?