indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
honorific/polite/humble prefix
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
feudal lord; (arch.) mansion; (arch.) palace
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
so; like that; that's right; indeed; let me see...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
reason; cause; circumstances
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to