to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
always; forever; very; greatly (esp. of hopes and desires)
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
end (e.g. of street); tip; beginning; start; odds and ends; scrap
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
to cease; to stop; to be over
don't you think?; indicates question
how do you do?; nice to meet you; adieu; farewell; bon voyage
farewell; adieu; goodbye; so long
all present; all concerned; all of us
boy; son; baby boy; young man
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
salted salmon; fish wrapped in (bamboo) leaves
company president; manager; director
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
question; inquiry; enquiry
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
remaining bony parts (of a fish after filleting); flaw (esp. of a person); fault; rice chaff; rough; crude
river; stream; River; the ... river
ward; borough; city (in Tokyo); district (e.g. electoral); section; zone (e.g. postal)
residing; living; dwelling
female high-school student
connection (to a person, place, etc.); relation; affinity
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
(following a verb) to be sure to; to do (something) so that ...; to make sure to; to try to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
recruitment; invitation; raising (funds, donations, etc.); collection; flotation (of shares, loans, etc.)