people; men and women; each person; everybody
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
now; the present time; just now; another; more
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to help each other; to cooperate
while; during; while; although; all; both
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
muscle; tendon; vein; artery; fiber; fibre; line
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
Yue (kingdom in ancient China; 6th C-334 BCE); Vietnam
river; stream; River; the ... river
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
corner; edge; (street) corner; turning; rough edges (of one's character, words, etc.); abrasiveness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)
head (of a household); proprietor (of a store); one's husband; (one's) employer; (one's) master; host
wife (esp. one's own wife); court lady; female court attache; (arch.) woman (esp. as a love interest)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
people; citizens; subjects; folk
bamboo grass; generally smaller species of running bamboo that do not shed their sheaths (e.g. Sasa spp.)
bag; sack; skin of an orange (and other like fruits); dead end; plot of land surrounded by water
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
swing; shake; appearance; behaviour; pretence (pretense); show; going to restaurant, hotel etc. without a reservation or introduction
sale; selling; selling point; gimmick; seller; vendor
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
generation; lifetime; age
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
lately; recently; nowadays
fame; reputation; popularity; rumour (rumor); talk
bags and purses (handbags)
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof