test; trial; probation; ordeal; tribulation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to climb over; to get over; to surmount; to overcome; to surpass; to overtake
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
bonds (between people); (emotional) ties; relationship; tether; fetters
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to deepen; to heighten; to intensify
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
image (on a screen); picture (e.g. on a TV); video; film; reflection; image (in one's mind)
to take (a photo); to record (video, audio, etc.); to make (a film)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to look forward to something
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
patience; forbearance; endurance; forgiveness; pardon
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
to fly around; to scatter
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
people; men and women; each person; everybody
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to help each other; to cooperate
while; during; while; although; all; both
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
to live; to get along; to spend (time)