indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); feline; shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom (submissive partner of a homosexual relationship)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
one-year-old; one year old
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
name; given name; first name
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
at once; immediately; right now
to hug (someone) tight; to embrace; to give (someone) a tight hug; to cuddle
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young woman; young (animal); offshoot
going out (of a noble, shogun, royalty, etc.); visit; attendance
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
your home; your family; their home; (my) home
to like; to be pleased with; to be delighted with; to take a liking to; to suit one's fancy
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage