a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
top; summit; twelve o'clock (usu. midnight); top of one's head; top of a helmet
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
scenery; scene; landscape
to take (a photo); to record (video, audio, etc.); to make (a film)
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
(apparently) that's what it's like, isn't it
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
source (of a river); fountainhead; source; origin; root
you; buddy; pal; monarch; ruler; sovereign
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to put one's life on the line
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
disaster; accident; shipwreck; distress
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop