indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
honorific/polite/humble prefix
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
wife; Mrs; (arch.) wife of a nobleman (aristocrat, etc.); (arch.) consort of the emperor
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
hill; height; knoll; rising ground
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember