school centred on preparing students to get into university; high-level school a person has entered
road; path; way; set of practices; Buddhist teachings; Taoism; modern administrative region of Japan (Hokkaido)
cram school; private tutoring school; juku
educational institution; school; academy; campus
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
behind closed doors; behind-the-scenes; (under the veil of) secrecy
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
job hunting; job searching
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
fashion; way; school (of thought); class; rank; current (electrical, water, etc.)
job hunting; job searching
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Nikkei (newspaper, share index)
average; mean; balance; equilibrium
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
to resort to violence; to use force; to be able to get; to be able to afford; to jab; to swing at a bad ball (baseball)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
ichimoku; chart analysis method for forecasting price movement
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to come out; to fall out; to fade; to discolour; to wear a hole (e.g. clothes); to leave (e.g. a meeting); to be clear
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to