establishment; founding; organization; organisation
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
school centred on preparing students to get into university; high-level school a person has entered
road; path; way; set of practices; Buddhist teachings; Taoism; modern administrative region of Japan (Hokkaido)
cram school; private tutoring school; juku
educational institution; school; academy; campus
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility
to pass (the night); to spend; to reveal; to divulge; to prove; to verify
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
academic year; school year; year in school; grade in school
results; record; grades; marks
first place; first rank; unit's position; Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
participation; joining; entry; adherence
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to prepare; to provide; to set up; to establish; to organize
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
introduction; presentation; referral; listing
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
management; administration; operation; running (business); conducting
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
(present) head of a family
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
on good terms with; on cordial terms with; getting along well with; to make friends with; to be good friends with; to get along with
to have the privilege of doing
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)