indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
son (of others); boy; young master; green young man from a well-to-do family; young man innocent of the ways of the world
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; so?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
India; cotton sheeting; foreign; imported; ultra-spicy; extra hot
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
serious; not joking; straight
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
offender; criminal; culprit
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to