indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
occupation; profession; job; vocation; trade; calling
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
assistance; support; subsidy; supplement; auxiliary; subsidiary
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
seal (used in lieu of a signature); stamp; chop
all; entire; whole; altogether
inverted; upside down; reversed; back to front; wrong way round
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
judgment paper; judgement paper
misprint; misspelling; typo; typographical error; erratum
to be too numerous; to be too much
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good thing; strong point; good family; prestigious school; the right moment; utter
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
frog; kajika frog (Buergeria buergeri)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
person in charge; senior staff; manager; chief; head
six (long cylindrical things)
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
fraud; swindle; graft; saying you're going to do something but in the end not doing it; making promises without keeping them
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
testimony; (verbal) evidence
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
man; male; masculine gender
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all