indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
occupation; profession; job; vocation; career; trade
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
assistance; support; subsidy; supplement; spotting (in weight training)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
seal (used in lieu of a signature); stamp; chop
all; entire; whole; altogether
inverted; upside down; reversed; back to front; wrong way round
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
judgment paper; judgement paper
misprint; misspelling; typo; typographical error; erratum
to be too numerous; to be too much
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good thing; strong point; good family; prestigious school; the right moment; utter
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
person in charge; senior staff; manager; chief; head
six (long cylindrical things)
tree; shrub; wood; timber; wooden clappers (signalling the beginning or end of a performance)
fraud; swindle; graft; saying you're going to do something but in the end not doing it; making promises without keeping them; flaking out
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
testimony; (verbal) evidence
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; lower radical of a kanji; means of transportation
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
man; male; masculine gender
oh; oh my; oh dear; well, ...; er ...; why, ...