event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stub out (e.g. a cigarette); to crush out; to smother (fire); to hush up; to cover up; to stifle
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
near oneself; close to one; familiar
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to judge; to decide; to sit in judgement; to try
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
style; way; shape; form; appearance; state
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
suffix for familiar person
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
murder; homicide; manslaughter
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
destructive blast; blowing up; explosion
equipment; device; installation; stage setting
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)