sum; harmony; peace; Japan; Japanese-style
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
exchange; interchange; switching; reciprocity; barter; substitution
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
long ago; a long time ago; already
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
peak; summit; ridge; back of a blade
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
this area; around here; this point; this much; this extent
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
honorific/polite/humble prefix
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
receiving; reception; eating; drinking; please; please do for me
I; me; personal (affairs, etc.); private; selfishness; partiality
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to deceive; to falsify; to dodge; to beg the question (issue, difficulties); to varnish over; to gloss over
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
company; lot; bunch; troupe; company (of musicians)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
after that; afterwards; thereafter
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed