indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
metropolitan governor; governor of Tokyo
direct control; direct supervision
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
medical treatment; medical care
organization; organisation; structure; construction; system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.); tissue; texture (of a rock)
mission; errand; task; duty; obligation
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
dead person; (the) deceased; (the) dead; casualties
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
terrorist organization; terrorist organisation
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
electricity; (electric) light
supply; provision; service; supply
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
to be buried; to be covered; to overflow; to be crowded; to be repaid (e.g. debt); to be replenished
emergency power supply; backup power; emergency power source
restoration; restitution; rehabilitation
ratio; proportion; match; equal; compared with ...; relative to ...
danger; peril; hazard; risk
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
please (give me); please (do for me)
society; the world; the times
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
end; ending; close; end of (one's) life; death
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo