indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
metropolitan governor; governor of Tokyo
direct control; direct supervision
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
medical treatment; medical care
organization; organisation; structure; construction; system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.); tissue; texture (of a rock)
mission; errand; task; duty; obligation
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
dead person; (the) deceased; (the) dead; casualties
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Moon; month; moonlight; (a) moon; natural satellite
island; one's territory (of a sex worker, organized crime gang, etc.); one's turf
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
terrorist organization; terrorist organisation
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
touch; contact; contact (with people); dealings; tangency
danger; peril; hazard; risk
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
ratio; proportion; match; equal; compared with ...; relative to ...
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to rescue (someone); to save; to help (out of a difficulty); to save (spiritually); to redeem (from sin); to deliver (from suffering, distress, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
reason of being; raison d'être; meaning of one's existence
common camellia (Camellia japonica)
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...