indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
metropolitan governor; governor of Tokyo
direct control; direct supervision
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
medical treatment; medical care
organization; organisation; structure; construction; system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.); tissue; texture (of a rock)
mission; errand; task; duty; obligation
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to smash; to crush; to shut down; to put out of business; to wreck; to break; to butcher
another place; some other place; another (person or thing); other; beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
that far; so far; to that extent; stop!; not one step further!
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; MHLW
to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to rescue (someone); to save; to help (out of a difficulty); to save (spiritually); to redeem (from sin); to deliver (from suffering, distress, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
blank space (in a document); blank; void; whitespace
about; on; regarding; per; for every
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage