indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
suffix for familiar person
how; in what way; how about
serious; not joking; straight
impossible; unlikely; improbable
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to be packed (with); to be full (space, schedule, etc.); to be blocked (road, pipe, nose, etc.); to be clogged; to shorten (width, interval, etc.); to shrink (shirt, word form, etc.); to be at a loss
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
civilian clothes; plain clothes; mufti; plainclothes police officer
uncool; unsophisticated; unfashionable; out of fashion; tacky
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
secret intention; ulterior motive; kanji "heart" radical at bottom
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
introduction; presentation; referral; listing
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
(some) more; even more; longer; further
better; preferable; more; increase; (arch.) increase; (arch.) growth
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
figure; design; twill weave; pattern of diagonal stripes; style (of writing); figure (of speech); design
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
to float; to become merry; to be cheerful; to become loose; to become unsteady; to feel out of it; to be cut off (e.g. from those around you)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
another (person); the other person; one more (person)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question