come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
forensic researcher; crime scene investigator
starting (machine, engine, car, etc.); activation
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
field; sphere; realm; division; branch
now; the present time; just now; another; more
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
contention; competition; rivalry; quarrel
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
certain; sure; definite; reliable; sound; solid
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
clanging; banging; throbbing (headache); pounding; fully; vigorously
to earn (income); to make (money); to score (points, victory); to gain (time); to work hard (at one's job); to labor
easy money; easy gain; making a killing
greedy; grasping; tightfisted; predatory (e.g. business); calculating; avaricious
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
(one) matter; (one) item; (one) case
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
business; trade; operations; sales
therefore; for that reason; such being the case
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
nursery school; day nursery; preschool
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
time; hour; period; class
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do