indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
cooperation; collaboration
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
what would (you) do?; what to do about it
suffix for familiar person
father; dad; husband; you; he
bomb; alcohol with liquor added (esp. wine-based shōchū highball, also beer with whiskey)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
no matter what it takes; by any means necessary; at all costs; by hook or by crook
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
United Kingdom; Britain; Great Britain; England
prime minister; chancellor (Germany, Austria, etc.); premier
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
government plane (esp. for transporting senior politicians, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
empty air; sky; shunyata; emptiness; air force; fruitlessness; meaninglessness
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; I feel regretful; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to lose sight of; to miss
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
delivery; transfer; hand-over
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament