previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
bill; bill of sale; tab (for later payment); credit; contact move (in go); direct attack to an enemy stone; sound effect produced by striking with clappers a wooden board in kabuki
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the Eastern Capital (now Tokyo); Yedo; Edo
advertisement; advertising; announcement; notice
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
joining a company; getting a job with a company; entering a company
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
assignment (of a person to somewhere); attachment (of a person to another unit, organization, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
gently; mildly; leniently; don't be too hard on me (us, them); go easy on me
important person; influential figure; big shot; big thing; big one; big game
big gamble; big plunge; big mountain
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
overbearing; coercive; pushy; forcible; high-handed
major company; big company; front castle gate; force attacking the front of a castle
food; food products; foodstuffs
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
participation; joining; entry; adherence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
advertising department; public relations department; PR department
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
to rouse anger; to provoke wrath; to offend
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
getting closer; drawing nearer; being not much different; being near (age, skill, etc.); becoming close (i.e. friendly); becoming intimate
entertainment (of guests; esp. in the corporate world); treating (to food and drinks); wining and dining
to put back in a good mood; to cheer up
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
to launch oneself upon; to make one's debut
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to pose as; to (successfully) impersonate; to pretend to be; to (completely) become; to (fully) turn into
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as