indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
in that way; thus; so; so?
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
Alice; Alliss; Alyce; Arisu
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
suffix for familiar person
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more