serious; not joking; straight
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
really; truly; indeed; good grief
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
without the least difference; exactly; perfectly; to the inch
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
large quantity; massive (quantity); mass (e.g. mass production, mass transit, mass destruction)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hands and feet; limbs; person at one's beck and call; person at hand; reliable worker
nail; spike; tack; rivet; brad; (pachinko) pin
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
rather; better; instead; if anything
appeal (e.g. to public opinion); plea; appeal (e.g. sex appeal); attractiveness; appeal (e.g. in baseball); emphasizing (strong points, etc.)
feeling; sense; impression
genuine article; real thing; real deal
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
copycat criminal; copycat crime
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
spring water; clear (pure) water
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
mass communication; mass media
to turn over (face down); to lay face down; to point downwards (eyes, head, etc.); to cast down (eyes); to lie (one's body) face down; to lie flat (on the ground)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah