mallow (any plant of family Malvaceae); Asarum caulescens (species of wild ginger); hollyhock
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this institution; the main institution
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
hospital-acquired infection; healthcare-associated infection; HCAI; nosocomial infection
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
early; a little earlier than usual; a little faster than usual; slightly quicker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
measure; step; dealing with; medical treatment
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
person in charge; senior staff; manager; chief; head
policy; course; plan (of action); magnetic needle
to interrupt; to interfere; to meddle; to intrude; to butt in; to poke one's nose into
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
much less; to say nothing of
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
medical care; medical treatment
to be useful; to be helpful; to serve the purpose
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if it is the case that ...