indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
disorderly; messy; absurd; unreasonable; very; extremely
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
eighth day of the month; eight days
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
considerably; greatly; a lot
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
and; thereupon; because of that
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
myself; yourself; I; me; you
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
one day; (on) a certain day
God; god; ace; king; superior person
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
please (give me); please (do for me)