hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
so; like this; in this way
fresh; refreshing; invigorating; clear (e.g. voice); fluent; eloquent
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
style; manner; way; after (period of time) again (e.g. meeting again after a year); for the first time in (period of time)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
early; soon; quickly; swiftly; rapidly
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
company; corporation; workplace
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
family; members of a family
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
unhappiness; sorrow; misfortune; death (usu. of a relative); bereavement
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
basis; foundation; grounds; authority
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen