indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
sex; sexual intercourse; (one's) sex; gender
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
theme; topic; subject matter; motif; project; slogan
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
woman; female; feminine gender
nature (of a person); sex; gender; sex (i.e. sexual attraction, activity, etc.); gender; -ty
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to concern; to be related
topic; subject; much talked about; topical; in the news
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
should; must; -able; probably; likely
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
skin; body (in the context of intimate bodily contact); surface; grain (e.g. of wood); disposition; temperament
ingredient; (raw) material; unprocessed timber; raw timber; subject matter; topic
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
nonsensical; unreasonable; awfully; extremely; disorder; confusion
complex; complicated; intricate; mixed (feelings)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
contraceptive device; birth-control device
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
ago; since; before; previous
minimum; at the very least
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as