this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
construction; establishment
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
company; firm; (Shinto) shrine; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.; incorporated body
last (i.e. immediately preceding); previous; pre- (e.g. premodern); before; before; earlier
series; chain; two reams (i.e. 1000 sheets of paper); verse; stanza
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
related to; in relation to
owner (esp. of a business)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
president (of a society); chairman
extreme (measure, idea, etc.); radical; violent (language); strenuous (exercise, work, etc.); excessive; (physically) demanding
statement; remark; observation; utterance; speech; proposal
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
notice; attention; observation
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
crowd of people; great number of people; in great numbers
to crowd (a house); to throng to (a door)
the other day; a few days ago
about; on; regarding; per; for every
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
to do something in readiness for; to get something (needful) done
foreigner (esp. a Westerner); gaijin; (arch.) outsider
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be needed; to be necessary; to be required; to be wanted; to need; to want
such ... as; or some such
discriminatory remark; hate speech
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)