indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
in that way; thus; so; so?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
eighth month of the lunar calendar
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to think of; to hit upon; to come into one's mind; to remember; to recall
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
sampling food; tasting; trying
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
breadcrumbs; panko; bread flour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to add; to add up; to increase; to gather (e.g. speed); to include; to count in
how; in what way; how about
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
to attempt; to test; to try out