indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
(arch.) eastern Japan (esp. Kamakura or Edo, from perspective of Kyoto or Nara); (arch.) eastern provinces; (arch.) east; wagon; yamatogoto; my spouse
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
mystery novel; detective novel; whodunit
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
murder swap; murder exchange; murder of each other's targets by co-conspirators
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
exchange; interchange; switching; reciprocity; barter; substitution
perhaps; maybe; perchance; by some chance; by any chance
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
contract; compact; agreement
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
murder; homicide; manslaughter
doing (with resolve); carrying out (e.g. a plan)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
thanks (for coming, helping, etc.); glad you could make it; tiredness; fatigue
honorific/polite/humble prefix
suffix for familiar person
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style