year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
August; eighth month of the lunar calendar
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Hiroshima (city, prefecture)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
meeting face-to-face; seeing in person; facing (each other); opposing (traffic, etc.); confronting
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
side; flank; profile; aspect; dimension
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
fragment; broken piece; splinter; chip; shard
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stick into (of something with a sharp point); to prick; to pierce; to resonate emotionally; to move
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
throwing down; dropping; airdrop; investment
bomb blast; blast (from an explosion); shock wave
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
while; during; while; although; all; both
being bombed; being A-bombed; being nuked; being exposed to radiation (from an atomic blast)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to shed tears; to (begin to) cry
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to lift up; to hold up; to give; to offer; to devote; to sacrifice
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
announcement; presentation; demonstration; displaying; showing; introducing
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
owner; proprietor; possessor (e.g. of talent, beauty, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing