(of) Japanese descent; non-Japanese of Japanese descent; nikkeijin; company, etc. set up with Japanese capital; company managed by Japanese or non-Japanese of Japanese descent
emigration; immigration; emigrant; immigrant
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
generation; the world; the age
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
family; members of a family
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
suffix for familiar person
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
after an interval of ... years; for the first time in ... years
another meeting; meeting again; reunion
older brother and younger sister
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to follow (road); to pursue (course); to follow up; to follow (hyperlink)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
severe; harsh; hard; cruel; rigorous
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to cross over; to go across; to extend; to cover; to range
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
imagination; supposition; guess
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
hard worker; hardworking person
Japanese person; Japanese people
to hate; to dislike; to loathe
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then