indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
settlement; solution; resolution
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still
easy to drink; easy to swallow; quaffable
making; producing; appearance (attire, make-up, etc.); build; physique; sashimi
to face; to go towards; to head towards
pushing forward (undaunted, bravely); working vigorously towards an aim; struggling on; striving towards
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
three kinds; three varieties
sacred treasure; the three sacred treasures (sword, jewel, mirror); implement used in religious ceremonies
major; large; the Major Leagues; Major League Baseball; major (key, scale, etc.); (oil) major
measure; measuring tape; measuring
storage; putting or stowing away; receipt (of funds, payment, etc.); harvesting
box; box (in theatre); booth (in restaurant, etc.); small rectangular building (e.g. telephone box); rectangular field area (batter's box, catcher's box); box (calfskin); central 4x4 area (othello)
measurement; size; extent; plan; intention; arrangement
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to measure; to weigh; to survey; to conjecture; to infer; to surmise
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
seal (used in lieu of a signature); stamp; chop
leisure time; idle moment
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
end; finish; bounds; limits; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
innermost secrets (of an art or skill); mysteries; essence; heart
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
listen!; you see; mind you; remember