indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
clear weather; fine weather; formal; ceremonial; cleared of suspicion
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; the present time; just now; another; more
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
suffix for familiar person
autumn breeze; fall breeze
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
formal marriage interview