indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
suffix for familiar person
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
gore; triangular piece of fabric, used for making skirts, umbrellas, etc.
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
name; given name; first name
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Kaguya-Hime (main character of Taketori Monogatari); Princess Kaguya
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
river; stream; River; the ... river
sorry; excuse me; thank you
Sanzu River (Buddhist equivalent of the River Styx)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...