always; all the time; never; usual; regular
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to often be the case; to occur frequently; to be common; to be popular
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
once; one time; exclusively; only; alone
chair; stool; post; office; position
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
gotcha; alrighty; got it; OK
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to call out; to ask someone to come
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; I feel regretful; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
no!; no no!; no, not at all
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job); firing someone
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
mental preparedness; being braced for; being steeled for
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")