indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
suffix for familiar person
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
The End; Finis; completion; conclusion; providing fully
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
whirlpool; swirl; eddy; vortex; maelstrom
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
feather; plume; wing; blade (of a fan, propeller, etc.); shuttlecock (in badminton); shuttlecock (in hanetsuki); arrow feathers
gentle breeze; soft wind; breath of air; zephyr
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
to hit; to expose; to apply (e.g. patch); to put on; to allot; to call on someone (e.g. in class); to guess (an answer)
to glide; to slide (e.g. on skis); to fail (an examination); to bomb (when telling a joke); to drop; to go down
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk