indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
suffix for familiar person
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
The End; Finis; completion; conclusion; providing fully
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
name; given name; first name
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; the present time; just now; another; more
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
skewered sweet rice cakes served with soy sauce and miso
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
store; shop; establishment; restaurant