indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
child one is expecting; child in one's womb
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
honest; respectable; respectable occupation (i.e. not yakuza, prostitute, etc.); person in a respectable occupation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to quit (a shady business); to wash one's hands of; to cut one's ties with; to wash one's feet
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
first cry of a newborn baby
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
clear weather; fine weather; formal; ceremonial; cleared of suspicion
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
inside one's heart; in one's mind
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
hello; good day; good afternoon
great (i.e. great-grandson, great-grandmother)
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman