colonnade; row of columns
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
to express sudden recognition and being impressed; (lit.) to slap one's knee
(national) isolationism; isolation policy
waxing and waning; phases of moon
foreign voyage; travelling overseas; travelling abroad
the whole country; the public; the world; the ruling power; having one's own way
lobby; lounge; recreation room; break room
complete book; complete set; treatise
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
land of the gods; Japan; China
Kaei era (1848.2.28-1854.11.27)
high-ranking retainer of a daimyo (Edo Period)
teacher (to whom one owes a debt of gratitude); mentor; one's former teacher
elegant; graceful; refined; leisurely; comfortable; easy
military science; strategy; tactics
coward; namby-pamby; wimp; weak-kneed person; spineless person
ornamental crossed rafter ends on shrine gables
pinky swear; pinky promise; making a pledge by hooking each other's little fingers
Perry; Peli; Pelly; Perri
opinion in writing; written opinion; argument
Ansei era (1854.11.27-1860.3.18)
porcupinefish (Diodon holacanthus); balloonfish
stupid idiot; total moron
wholeheartedly; single-mindedly; earnestly; intently; determinedly
great man; magnanimous man
one's home; hometown; native place; birthplace
smuggling (people); stowing away
fabric; cloth; textiles; measure of kimono material
apprenticeship; probation; learning by observation; apprentice; trainee; probationer
expel the barbarians; expulsion of the foreigners; late Edo period (19th century) revolutionary slogan
founding a country; opening of a country (e.g. Japan) to the world; ending (a policy of) national seclusion
way of the sword; swordsmanship
splendid horse; promoted bishop