splendid horse; promoted bishop
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
bustling; busy; crowded; lively (party, voices, etc.); loud; noisy
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
Kaei era (1848.2.28-1854.11.27)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
April; fourth month in the lunar calendar
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Tosa (former province located in present-day Kochi Prefecture)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thirtieth day of the month; thirty days
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do completely; to do accidentally; to do without meaning to; to happen to do
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
in a lively way; vividly; freshly; animatedly; actively; energetically
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; (arch.) man in attendance (on a person of high standing); (arch.) retainer
than; from; out of; except; but; more
chōnin (Edo-period social class of town-dwelling commoners, esp. landowning merchants); townspeople; townsfolk; tradespeople
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
power; might; authority; spirits; vigor; vigour
theme; topic; subject matter; motif; project; slogan
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
(way of) life; living; livelihood; life circumstances
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
storage room; storeroom; closet; grayish blue
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation