challenge; defiance; dare; attempt; try
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
development; growth; development (of a situation, story, etc.); advancement; playing around; having an active sex life
striding; swaggering; strutting; lording it over others; acting as though one owns the place; throwing one's weight around
whole area; whole region; stretch (of land); tract; belt
to put on (lower-body clothing, e.g. pants, skirt, footwear); to wear; to affix (a sword to one's hip); (arch.) to affix (a bowstring to a bow)
hakama; man's formal divided skirt
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
part; assigning (allotment of) parts; role; duties
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
Satchō Alliance; 1866 alliance between the feudal domains of Satsuma and Chōshū
running about; making every effort; being busily engaged (in something); good offices
steamship; steamboat; steamer
large quantity; massive (quantity); mass (e.g. mass production, mass transit, mass destruction)
establishment; founding; incorporation (of a business)
to borrow; to have a loan; to hire; to rent; to buy on credit
craftsman; artisan; tradesman; worker; workman
cooking, esp. frying or stir-frying; heating; tempering; -ware
halfway up (down) a mountain; mountainside
first (of its kind) in Japan
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
transport; transportation; conveyance; carriage
goods; materials; commodities; resources; supplies
to start (something); to start up; to boot (a computer); to launch (a business)
companions; friends; comrades; mates; partners
first year (of an imperial era); year something (important) first happened or began
Keiō era (1865.4.7-1868.9.8)
slope; incline; hill; milestone; (age) mark
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
unhappiness; misfortune; ill luck
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
to come to like; to become fond of; to fall in love
will not do; do not; does not
defeat; loss; failing to live up to (one's name, looks, etc.); discount; loss (on a sale)
to leak out (a secret); to be exposed (a lie, improper behaviour, etc.); to be found out; to get away (of fish)
true character; true form; true colors (colours); consciousness; one's senses