permit (to pass, enter, etc.); pass
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
(arch.) indicates emphasis, intention, etc.; indicates emphasis, intention, etc.
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
bright person; talented student; prodigy
style; manner; way; after (period of time) again (e.g. meeting again after a year); for the first time in (period of time)
to be surprised; to be astonished
feudal domain (Edo and early Meiji periods, precursor to current prefectures); fiefdom; province
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
honorific/polite/humble prefix
pardon; forgiveness; exemption; permission
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take out (e.g. garbage); to put out (e.g. dishes on table); to serve (e.g. meal); to get out (e.g. food from cupboard); to submit (e.g. ideas, opinions); to provide for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the best in the land; the best of its kind in the country; par excellence in the whole country
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
becoming a pupil (of); becoming an apprentice
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
waiting; waiting time; wait tile; tile which would complete one's hand
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
splendid horse; promoted bishop
speaker; narrator; speaker (of a language)
such; this sort of; like this
crude; unrefined; coarse; ill-mannered; rude; insensitive
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to like; to love; to be fond of
teacher (to whom one owes a debt of gratitude); mentor; one's former teacher
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
guidance; leading (the way); information; notice; announcement (of one's arrival); invitation
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
brat; kid; urchin; preta; hungry ghost