shamisen; samisen; three-stringed Japanese lute
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
Bunkyū era (1861.2.19-1864.2.20)
September; ninth month of the lunar calendar
twentieth day of the month; twenty days
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
virtue; benevolence; profit; benefit
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to marry (a woman); to take to wife; to take in marriage
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
"yoiyasa"; doo-doo-doo; dum-dum-dum; heave-ho; oof; ugh
to elevate; to raise; to lift up; to flatter; to extol; to praise to the sky
splendid horse; promoted bishop
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
happy; auspicious; propitious; naive
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
married couple; husband and wife; man and wife; his and hers; pair of objects, one larger (for man), one smaller (for woman)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
(arch.) indicates emphasis, intention, etc.; indicates emphasis, intention, etc.
economical; bargain; good value; good-value
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
love at first sight; being taken with someone at the first meeting
elegant; graceful; refined; leisurely; comfortable; easy
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to get drunk; to become intoxicated; to feel sick (e.g. in a vehicle); to become nauseated; to be elated; to be exalted
annotation; commentary; explanatory note